Serial communication is a method of transmitting data between devices one bit at a time over a single
communication line. It is widely used for short-range and long-range communication. Serial interfaces
operate on at least two wires. These serial interfaces are grouped to into two groups,
1. Asynchronous
2. Synchronous
Synchronous serial communication requires the pairing of data lines with a clock signal, ensuring that
all devices on the bus share a common clock. This arrangement simplifies and often speeds up serial
transfers but requires an additional wire between communicating devices. SPI, I2C and CAN are
some examples of synchronous serial communication protocols.
In asynchronous serial communication, data is transferred without reliance on an external clock signal.
This approach is advantageous as it minimizes the number of required wires and I/O pins. However, it
also necessitates additional effort to ensure reliable transmission and reception of data. UART and
RS232 are some examples of asynchronous serial communication protocols.
